Modelling of Metal-Coating Delamination Incorporating Variable Environmental Parameters

A mathematical model for metal-coat delamination of degrading metal was developed incorporating multiple variable environmental parameters. Metal-coat delamination not only depends on the electrochemical reactions at metal-coat interface but also on the factors like the type of propagating metal ions and their varying concentration with annual weather changes, time of exposure of the coated objects, type of coated objects are stationary or mobile vehicles, frequency with which certain vehicles are operating in various environments e.g. controlled or uncontrolled in terms of environmental conditions. A cutting edge model has been developed to calculate the varying environmental conditions using iteration algorithm, time dependent uncertain position of objects like vehicle in various environments using stochastic approach, effect of seasonal changes on ionic compound's concentration using algebraic method and instantaneous failure probability due to varying conditions. Based on the developed model a detailed simulation study was conducted to investigate the metal-coat delamination process and the ways to regress the under coat metal corrosion

A Review of Theoretical Analysis Techniques for Cracking and Corrosive Degradation of Film-Substrate Systems

This paper contains a review of the most vital concepts regarding the analysis and design of film systems. Various techniques have been presented to analyse and predict the failure of films for all common types of failure: fracture, delamination, general yield, cathodic blistering, erosive and corrosive wear in both organic and inorganic films. Interfacial fracture or delamination is the loss of bonding strength of film from substrate, and is normally analysed based on the fracture mechanics concepts of bi-material systems. Therefore, keeping the focus of this review on bonding strength, the emphasis will be on the interfacial cracking of films and the corresponding stresses responsible for driving the delamination process. The bi-material characteristics of film systems make the nature of interfacial cracks as mixed mode, with cracks exhibiting various complex patterns such as telephone cord blisters. Such interfacial fracture phenomenon has been widely studied by using fracture mechanics based applicable analysis to model and predict the fracture strength of interface in film systems. The incorporation of interfacial fracture mechanics concepts with the thermodynamics/diffusion concepts further leads to the development of corrosive degradation theories of film systems such as cathodic blistering. This review presents suggestions for improvements in existing analysis techniques to overcome some of the limitations in film failure modelling. This comprehensive review will help researchers, scientists, and academics to understand, develop and improve the existing models and methods of film-substrate systems

POSITION TRACKING CONTROL OF DC MOTOR FOR FRONT WHEEL SYSTEMS VIA HILS SIMULATION METHOD

This paper present about position tracking control of DC motor to be used as the actuator controller for the front wheel test rig system. The controller strategy that was developed is based on Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller. It consists of one single closed control loops namely position tracking control loop.  To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed controller, simulation and experimental studies were performed by using various input demand such as saw tooth, sine and step functions in 5°, 10°, 15° and 20° with the present of steering ratio at 360:20. The results, it is found that the trend between simulation and experimental data are similar with the command position with acceptable level of error which less than 10% for application at hand

Pelaksanaan Lelang Terhadap Benda Jaminan Sebagai Akibat Wanprestasi (Study Kasus Di Perum Pegadaian Jepara)

Sektor yang digunakan pemerintah dalam rangka mencapai tujuannya untuk mensejahterakan warga negaranya adalah melalui lembaga Perkreditan yang berbentuk bank atupun Non Perbankan. Perusahaan Perum Pegadaian (pawn shop) merupakan lembaga Keuangan yang kegiatan usahanya menyalurkan uang pinjaman (kredit) atas dasar hukum gadai dalam rangka membantu masyarakat yang berpenghasilan rendah. disamping itu, keberadaan Perum Peagadaian juga turut mencegah praktek ijon, pegadaian gelap, riba, dan pinjaman dan pinjaman yang tidak wajar lainnya. Penyaluran uang pinjaman tersebut dilakukan dengan cara yang mudah, cepat aman, dan hemat. Maka untuk Untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan produktivitasnya status Hukum Lembaga Jaminan Pegadaian dikuatkan dengan Peraturan Pemerintah (PP) No. 10 Tahun 1990 yang dikeluarkan pada tanggal 10 April 1990 menjadi Perusahaan Umum (PERUM) yang kemudian diperbaharui lagi pada PP No. 103 Tahun 2000 menjadi Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut: Untuk lebih mendalami dan memahami proses pengikatan benda jaminan dengan hak gadai di Perum Pegadaian Jepara, Untuk Mengetahui langkah-langkah yang ditempuh oleh Perum Pegadaian Jepara bila terjadi Wanprestasi yang dilakukan oleh Debitur, Untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan lelang benda jaminan Perum Pegadaian Jepara. Metode adalah pedoman cara seseorang ilmuan mempelajari dan memahami lingkungan–lingkungan yang dihadapi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah: Metode pendekatan yang dipakai ialah metode pendekatan yuridis sosiologis yaitu suatu penelitian yang menekankan pada peraturan-peraturan hukum yang berlaku serta dalam hal ini penelitian dilakukan dengan berawal dari penelitian terhadap data sekunder yang kemudian dilanjutkan dengan penelitian terhadap data primer di lapangan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh kesimpulan Wanprestasi terjadi karena nasabah (debitur) tidak dapat memenuhi perjanjian yang dilakukan dengan pihak pegadaian (kreditur), maka dalam hal ini kreditur mengalami kerugian akibat tidak terpenuhinya prestasi oleh pegadaian (kreditur), maka cara yang digunakan oleh pegadaian untuk mendapatkan kembali uang yang dipinjamkan kepada nasabah (debitur) yaitu degnan cara melelang barang jaminan yang dijaminkan oleh nasabah kepada pengadian pada saat melakukan perjanjian. Pelaksanaan lelang barang jaminan di Perum Pegadaian Jepara telah ditetapkan bahwa pihak yang berhak melaksanakan lelang barang jaminan nasabah adalah pihak Pegadaian, dalam hal ini pihak pegadaian Jepara telah menunjuk pegawai sebagai petugas lelang

Konsumen Dan Pembiayaan Konsumen: Studi Terhadap Putusan Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen Nomor: 02-06/LS/IV/2012/BPSK.Ska Mengenai Perjanjian Pembiayaan Konsumen

Dalam Penelitian ini, Peneliti menggunakan metode pendekatan doktrinal dan bersifat deskriptif. Sumber data dan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dan sukunder. Data sekunder berupa dokumen, peraturan perundang-undangan dan hasil penelitian dan putusan hakim yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah maupun karangan buku. Data primer berupa keterangan dari pihak yang terlibat dengan objek yang diteliti. Metode Pengumpumpulan data berupa studi kepustakaan dan wawancara, sedangkan metode analisis data menggunakan metode normatif kualitatif. Data yang terkumpul akan diidentifikasikan secara analitis doktrinal . Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu kewenangan BPSK untuk memeriksa sengketa konsumen sesuai dengan Pasal 52 huruf (k) dan huruf (m) Undang-Undang No. 8 tahun 1999 Tentang Perlindungan Konsumen, Pasal 1 ayat (8) Keputusan Menteri Perindustrian dan Perdagangan Republik Indonesia Nomor 350/MPP/Kep/12/2001, tentang Pelaksanaan Tugas dan Wewenang BPSK dan merujuk pada Pasal 1320 jo Pasal 1337 KUH Perdata serta Pasal 5 PP No. 9 Tahun 2009. Pertimbangan Majelis BPSK untuk memberikan perlindungan kepada konsumen sesuai dengan Pasal 18 ayat (1) dan ayat (3) UUPK serta Pasal 3 Kep.Menperindag.No.301/MPP/Kep/10/2001 tentang Tugas dan Wewenang BPSK. Pada perkara ini, konsumen tidak melakukan wanprestasi, karena perjanjian antara pengadu dan teradu tidak ada. Pihak teradu (PT Sinar Mas Multifinance Cab. Surakarta) memberikan ganti rugi kepada pengadu (Etik Sri Sulanjari) sesuai pasal 1243 jo 1244 KUH Perdata, Pasal 19 UUPK serta pendapat Husni Syawali, dkk. Putusan Majelis BPSK Kota Surakarta dalam Sengketa Perjanjian Pembiayaan Konsumen pada Perkara No. 02-06/LS/IV/2012/BPSK.Ska adalah “Mengabulkan permohonan pengadu (konsumen) untuk sebagian” sudah sesuai dengan Pasal 52 huruf (k) dan huruf (m) UUPK; Pasal 3 huruf (k) dan huruf (m), Pasal 40 SK Menperindag No. 350/MPP/Kep/12/2001 tentang Pelaksanaan Tugas dan Kewenangan BPSK serta pendapat M. Yahya Harahap. Kata kunci: BPSK, Konsumen dan Pembiayaan Konsume

A Novel Non-Destructive Sensing Technology for On-Site Corrosion Failure Evaluation of Coatings

The quality of coating and the resulting rate of corrosion of the underlying metal substrate can be measured by a variety of corrosion measurements (Tafel, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy) by using standard laboratory electrochemical cells. However there is always a need of low cost, portable and non-destructive electrochemical cells which can be used on-site field for condition monitoring of large structures for example bridges and large infrastructures, complex operating systems as aircrafts, precision machines, petrochemical processes, automotive and locomotives. This research has developed state of the art cells and has commissioned for deploying this novel sensing technology for micro-defects detection, corrosion rate measurement and condition assessment of the defected coatings. Tafel measurement facilitated by these non-destructive cells is used to detect micro-defects and corrosion rate measurement while Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy measurement is facilitated to measure the coating condition. This technology has been successfully tested and commissioned on automotive, hazardous compartments with polymeric coatings and bridges to assess their coating condition in terms of their structural integrity. Post design testing involved the installation of these cells, running diagnostics, data acquisition and macrographs to predict structural defects and the resulting corrosion rate. This technology enables the design process to incorporate operational conditions and fully realize more durable and reliable solutions to be applied to high value large structures and complex interacting systems. Current developments in corrosion condition monitoring especially cost effective, non-destructive techniques to assess structural integrity beneath nonconductive and polymeric coating were long awaited. This reported development will revolutionise durability and reliability assessment techniques to enhance safety and mitigate catastrophic failures for cost savings and avoiding fatal accidents

The Effect of Plasma-Treated Boron Nitride on Partial Discharge Characteristics of LDPE

Power supply reliability is a key factor in a country economic stability. It is contributed by the reliable power distributor via transmission lines, overhead or underground cables. However, the power cables and accessories are always exposed to pre-breakdown phenomena known as partial discharges (PD) which commonly occur in microvoids, defects or protrusions inside the insulation. To improve the performance of the cable insulation against PD, nanofillers are added into the insulating materials. However, to achieve superior performance of PD resistance, the nanofillers must be homogeneously dispersed into the polymer matrices with tightly bonded interfacial zones. Therefore, this could be achieved by employing method of surface functionalization by using cold atmospheric plasma to strengthen the filler/polymer interfaces. In view of foregoing, this study investigated the effects of surface treated boron nitride (BN) nanoparticles in Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) on the PD characteristics by following CIGRE Method II at 7 kVrms applied voltage. The phase resolved PD characteristics were performed. The results revealed that by treating the nanofillers with cold plasma, the PD resistance of LDPE were highly achieved compared with the untreated BN nanofillers

Environmental parameters and incidence of white spot disease in Penaeus monodon (Fab.) farming

An investigation was carried out to monitor management practices and to find out whether there is any relationship with occurrence of deadly white spot disease and environmental parameters. Three semi-intensive and a improved traditional shrimp farms were selected in which mass mortality of shrimp (Penaeus monodon) by white spot disease occurred previously. The farms were situated at two different geographical locations. Two ponds from each farm at random were selected for the study. Out of eight investigated ponds, 6 ponds in three farms were affected by the disease during investigation period. The non-affected ponds had relatively lower stocking density, lightly different management practice and were located at different geographical area. There was no significant variation in water quality parameters among the affected and non-affected ponds. No significant variations were recorded in pond preparation, source of Post Larvae (PL), water and feed management among the affected and non-affected ponds. The observation indicated that pond micro-organisms in a farm may not the only cause of the disease but some external factors also might be responsible for the outbreak of this disease

Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Tax Compliance Penyetoran Spt Masa (Survei Pada Pengusaha Kena Pajak Yang Terdaftar Di Kpp Pratama Boyolali)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh sikap, norma subyektif dan kontrol keperilakuan yang dipersepsikan secara tidak langsung pada kepatuhan pajak dengan niat sebagai perantara dan menganalisis pengaruh secara langsung kontrol keperilakuan yang dipersepsikan pada kepatuhan pajak. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah pengusaha kena pajak (PKP) yang terdaftar di KPP Pratama Boyolali. Sampel dalam penelitian ini diambil dengan menggunakan rumus slovin. Terdapat 72 kuisioner yang dapat diolah. Metode pengumpulan data primer yang dipakai adalah metode survey dengan menggunakan media kuisioner. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis jalur dengan program SPSS 17.0. Hasil penelitian ini ialah sikap, norma subyektif dan kontrol keperilakuan yang dipersepsikan secara tidak langsung berpengaruh pada kepatuhan pajak dengan niat sebagai perantara. Sementara kontrol keperilakuan yang dipersepsikan tidak berpengaruh secara langsung pada kepatuhan pajak

Fractal Characteristic of Electrical Trees Grown in Silicone Rubber under Environmental Stress

One of the degradations of insulation is in the form of electrical treeing in which classified as a pre-breakdown phenomenon of electrical insulation. The electrical tree is commonly forming in the shape of tree-like or root-like which may have fractal structures. Due to this fractal structure, electrical treeing formation and patterns are analysed via fractal dimension and lacunarity to study the self-similarity patterns of electrical treeing. Many types of research have been conducted to study the fractal dimension and lacunarity of electrical treeing to fully understand the electrical tree mechanism and characteristics. However, fractal and lacunarity structures o